Smart data subsurface data repository system, method and computer program product

ABSTRACT

A system, method and computer program product for source area contamination data acquisition, analysis and processing. The present invention leverages and expands direct sensing technology, knowledge and experience to provide detailed, real-time images of subsurface conditions. The latest technologies in sensors, digital processing, computation and 3D visualization are used to enable clients to work with a single contractor who can perform data acquisition, processing and analysis necessary to produce quantifiable, user-friendly 3D maps on a daily basis which can be delivered via the Internet and/or to mobile devices. This allows the owner and site project manager to make timely decisions as they guide investigation, remediation and monitoring efforts.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is related to the following co-pending U.S.Patent Applications, the contents of which are incorporated herein byreference in their entireties:

[0002] U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/412,575, AttorneyDocket No. 36507-191464 entitled “System, Method and Computer Programfor Subsurface Contamination Detection and Analysis,” to Sohl, et al.filed on Sep. 23, 2002, of common assignee to the present invention;

[0003] U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No.______, AttorneyDocket No. 36507-193186, entitled “Enhanced Subsurface MembraneInterface Probe (MIP),” to Sohl, et al. filed on Sep. 22, 2003, ofcommon assignee to the present invention;

[0004] U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No.______, AttorneyDocket No. 36507-191465, entitled “System, Method and Computer ProgramProduct for Subsurface Contamination Detection and Analysis,” to Sohl,et al. filed on Sep. 22, 2003, of common assignee to the presentinvention; and

[0005] U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No.______, AttorneyDocket No. 36507-193188, entitled “Enhanced Subsurface Scanning System,Method and Computer Program Product,” to Sohl, et al. filed on Sep. 22,2003, of common assignee to the present invention.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] 1. Field of the Invention

[0007] The present invention relates generally to subsurface areacontamination analysis systems, and more particularly to a smart dataacquisition, processing and analysis tool used in the contamination areaassessment and cleanup decision-making process.

[0008] 2. Related Art

[0009] Large, complex environmentally impaired or contaminated sitespresent difficult and potentially expensive challenges for propercharacterization and cleanup. Often extensive assessment efforts leaveproperty owners and the engineering consultants with more questions thananswers. Equally difficult is ascertaining the level of legal andfinancial liability associated with contaminated sites resulting indelays in restoring properties to economic viability. The two biggestquestions being: “One, what liability does a property owner have as aresult of environmental contamination?” and “Can we realisticallycleanup this site within our budget?”

[0010] In today's technological climate, the availability of advancedsensors, telecommunications, computational power and visualizationsoftware has dramatically changed the way information is collected,decisions are made, and engineering systems are designed. For example,diagnostic tools such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) coupled withintelligent databases provide radiologists and surgeons with a detailedunderstanding of conditions within the human body prior to invasivesurgery or treatments. Furthermore, coupling real time sensors with highspeed telecommunications enables medical professionals to performsurgery using robotics remotely from as far away as another continent.

[0011] The above examples are just a few among the many instances of howtoday's technological advances have changed the medical and scientificcommunity. These examples also significantly change the businesseconomics of diagnosing medical conditions and providing state of theart treatment anywhere in the world, thus leveraging the knowledge andtalent of a small number of experts. A similar concept can be applied tothe assessment and cleanup of environmentally contaminated or impairedproperties. Simply stated, more complete and detailed informationprovided simultaneously to all parties involved in the assessment, riskanalysis, engineering design, and decision-making process of dealingwith contaminated properties, leads to making better decisions, at adecreased risk and lower cost.

[0012] Conventionally, the investigation of most environmentallycontaminated sites involves an extended process including thepreparation of written work plans by an environmental consultant,approval by a property owner and regulatory agencies, fieldinvestigation, laboratory analyses, and written findings of results andrecommendations. This process is extremely slow (months to years) andlabor intensive. The outcomes are generally subject to much questioningresulting in a repetition of the process to obtain additionalinformation. The burden of proof placed on the property owner and theowner's environmental consultant in competition with the high cost ofdata acquisition results in an incomplete assessment, increased risk asa result of incomplete information, and incorrectly designed and appliedcleanup tools.

[0013] The problem is compounded by the high cost of data acquisitionand correlation. Most data are collected by the intrusive sampling ofsoil cores, groundwater, and vapor from the subsurface using drill rigsand direct push technology. These processes typically yield 5-30 samplesper day for subsequent analysis by field instruments or remote fixedlaboratories. In consideration of the high cost of mobilizing heavyequipment and personnel to collect the samples, budget constraints oftenlimit the total number and amount of samples obtained, and thus thecompleteness of the data set for a particular site.

[0014] Furthermore, samples are typically obtained at predeterminedlocations and at predetermined depths specified by a presumed level ofunderstanding on the part of the environmental consultant of the fieldgeology. Most often, inadequate consideration is given to modifying thesampling plan based on the actual observed field conditions. Thesefactors compound the limited data set considering any additional samplesrequired to adequately delineate any identified contamination are notincluded in the current budget or work plan.

[0015] A third compounding factor in adequately assessing orcharacterizing property with environmental contamination using thepresent technology is the difficulty of effectively obtaining samplesrepresentative of the contaminant concentrations. Current soil coringand groundwater sampling devices work reasonably well in respectiveideal geological regions, but are extremely ineffective in regions ofcomplex, heterogeneous soil conditions. Typically, saturated soilregions with large grain sizes such as sand, and those highly permeableto liquids are difficult to recover using state of the art soil coringtools. In a saturated soil region with small grain sizes such as claysand silty materials, low permeability makes groundwater samplesdifficult to obtain. An issue in unsaturated soil conditions is that itis difficult to get a full sample recovery, to prevent the loss ofvolatile compounds. Again, when samples from predetermined locations anddepths are not fully recovered, the data set suffers and a level ofuncertainty increases. [* *]

[0016] Additional elements that affect the amount and quality ofinformation obtained during site assessments for contamination includehandling and shipping errors created, transportation delays, laboratoryhandling errors and delays, and multiple data formats created bylaboratories and various site assessment tools. Often times insufficientdata is obtained to address the interaction between geology and chemicalcontaminant migration and degradation.

[0017] Once data is obtained the data is frequently displayed inincompatible tabular formats or two-dimensional diagrams. Thesedifficult-to-use data formats result in delays in report preparation,review, and the decision making process. The net result is a slowprocess, difficult to use, and with a high level of uncertainty. Theslow process becomes the basis for pricing, insuring, and engineeringdesign resulting in expensive, delayed, and ineffective restoration ofenvironmentally damaged property.

[0018] Therefore, given the above, what is needed is a smart datasystem, tools, methods and computer program product for source areacontamination data acquisition, analysis and processing that allowsdozens of samples to be collected and analyzed daily, producing detailedvertical profiles that can be made into transects and 3-D images of thesubsurface. Further, the needed system, method and computer programproduct should be low-cost, rugged and accurate to produce repeatableresults when operated by persons of varying degrees of knowledge andskill. The needed system should provide near real-time informationuseful for decision making. The desired system should aggregatecollective value of data obtained on multiple sites to progressivelylower the cost of restoring contaminated properties over time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0019] An exemplary embodiment of a system, method, and computer programproduct for end-to-end environmental data acquisition and deliveryincluding the steps of: a) acquiring environmental subsurface data viadirect reading sensors; b) geo-referencing the data; c) transmitting thedata to a data analysis application server; and d) analyzing the data toobtain information about the data.

[0020] In an exemplary method, the data of step (a) can include: one ormore data parameters.

[0021] In an exemplary method, the environmental subsurface data relatesto chemical and geological attributes of the subsurface.

[0022] In an exemplary method, the direct reading sensors of step (a)can include: direct sensing technologies; optical sensors; chemicalsensors; electromechanical sensors;

[0023] membrane interface probe (MIP) sensors; advanced MIP sensors;laser induced fluorescence (LIF) sensors; ultraviolet inducedfluorescence (UVF) sensors; polymer sensors; or haloprobe sensors.

[0024] In an exemplary method, the where the geo-referencing of the step(b) can include: geo-referencing in at least two dimensions; orgeo-referencing the data to a specific point on the earth's surface.

[0025] In an exemplary method, the where the at least two dimensions caninclude: latitude, longitude, altitude, or time.

[0026] In an exemplary method, the where the geo-referencing of the step(b) can include: geo-referencing in at least three dimensions.

[0027] In an exemplary method, the at least three dimensions caninclude: latitude, longitude, altitude, or time.

[0028] In an exemplary method, the transmitting of step (c) can include:transmitting via the Internet; or transmitting via a wirelesscommunications link.

[0029] In an exemplary method, the application server of step (c) caninclude: an application service provider (ASP).

[0030] In an exemplary method, the step (d) can include: storing thedata in a database; mining the data; calculating the information fromthe data using an algorithm; performing visualization processing in atleast two dimensions; displaying a graphical visualization of the data;mapping the data; or displaying in two-dimensional or three-dimensionalformats the data.

[0031] In an exemplary method, the wherein the step (d) can include:refining raw data into processed data; normalizing the data forvariations in acquisition of the data; normalizing for condition of amembrane of a membrane interface probe (MIP); normalizing for variationof actual subsurface conditions including at least one of chemicalconcentration and soil water matrix; determining relative qualityefficacy data including determining at least one of: pressure, flowrate, condition of detectors, drift, calibration, depth of probe,hydrostatic, and baseline noise of analytical/electrical system; storingthe data; aggregating the data into aggregate data; determiningpredictive modeling using the aggregate data; assessing measure of riskusing the aggregate data; evaluating risk using the aggregate data;calculating total mass of chemical compounds; calculating volume ofaffected soil and groundwater; calculating compound identification,calculating removal costs, performing sensitivity analysis, comparingdata of multiple sites.

[0032] In an exemplary method, the step of performing a sensitivityanalysis can include:

[0033] displaying using a “dashboard” type display; and providingresults to at least one of an office device, or a field device.

[0034] In an exemplary method, the method further can include: e)posting the information on a web site for access by authorized users.

[0035] In an exemplary method, the web site can include: a secureInternet Web site.

[0036] In an exemplary method, the method can further include: e)transmitting the information over a network to a mobile device. In anexemplary method, the network can include: a wireless network.

[0037] In an exemplary method, the method further can include: e)aggregating the data into a database; f) mining the database; g)determining predictive modeling using the aggregate data; h) assessingmeasure of risk using the aggregate data; i) evaluating risk using theaggregate data; j) providing the user with relative analysis of varioussites based on at least one of: geological information, and contaminantconditions; and k) storing the data in a database; l) grooming data; m)comparing data to at least one of: historical data, and data from othersites; n) performing datamining; or o) ranking sites.

[0038] In an exemplary method, the method further can include: e)transmitting the information including: i. transmitting the informationincluding completed data analytics via the Internet back to sourcelocation for decision-making and process changes; or ii. transmittingthe information wirelessly to a mobile device to facilitate access viaInternet protocols to the information analyzed from the sensor outputs.

[0039] In an exemplary method, the method can further include: f)normalizing the data for variations in at least one of: acquisition ofthe data, condition of membrane of a membrane interface probe (MIP),subsurface conditions including at least one of chemical concentrationand soil water matrix; or g) determining relative quality efficacy dataincluding determining: pressure, flow rate, condition of detectors,drift, calibration, depth of probe, hydrostatic, or baseline noise ofanalytical/electrical system.

[0040] In another exemplary embodiment, a system, method and computerprogram product is set forth where the method of equipping and traininglicensed operators to perform sensor data acquisition at remotelocations using a smart data system can include the steps of: a)charging a licensed operator a one-time setup fee to obtain a license toprovide sensor data acquisition services and to obtain training; b)charging the licensed operator an ongoing subscription fee for access toand use of a smart data analysis system for transmission of data anddata warehousing services; or c) charging the licensed operator anindividual project fee, wherein the individual project fee variesaccording to the amount of analytics, display, or customer deliverablesrequired.

[0041] In an exemplary method, the method can include transmission ofthe data of the step (b) can include: transmitting the data via asoftware link to a Web site.

[0042] In an exemplary method, the method can include the smart dataanalysis of the step (b) can include: using computational softwareincluding: 2D visualization or 3D visualization of geo-referenced directreading sensor data.

[0043] In an exemplary method, the method can include the smart dataanalysis of the step (b) including: aggregating the data into acomparative database providing the user with relative analysis ofvarious sites based on geological and contaminant conditions.

[0044] In an exemplary method, the data warehousing services of the step(b) can include: posting and delivering of: an interactivetwo-dimensional visualization; an interactive three-dimensionalvisualization; and engineering design data; to a Web site.

[0045] In an exemplary method, the step (c) can include: delivery ofsoftware and paper deliverables for each of the projects to at least oneof: the licensed operator; or other clients with licensed access.

[0046] In another exemplary embodiment, an enhanced membrane interfaceprobe is set forth. In an exemplary embodiment, a membrane interfaceprobe apparatus can include: a membrane interface probe (MIP) sensorhaving a larger diameter than a conventional MIP sensor.

[0047] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can be adapted fordirect coupling to larger diameter rod systems.

[0048] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can allow use of the MIPsensor with larger capacity push and hammer systems.

[0049] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can allow use insituations where a low sidewall support of the drive rod string exists.

[0050] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can be adapted toinclude two or more permeable membranes.

[0051] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP can include: a membraneinterface probe (MIP) sensor having two or more permeable membranes.

[0052] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where thetwo or more permeable membranes are arranged equidistant about acircumference of the MIP sensor.

[0053] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where theMIP sensor is operative to improve circumferential sensing and toincrease likelihood of collection of volatile organic mass by the MIPsensor.

[0054] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where themembrane interface probe apparatus includes a membrane interface probe(MIP) sensor adapted to improve watertight integrity by includingundersea cabling electrical couplings and O-ring mechanical couplings.

[0055] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where theMIP is a modular membrane interface probe (MIP) apparatus including: amodular membrane interface probe (MIP) sensor constructed from aplurality of modular components allowing field serviceable replacementof any malfunctioning components of the plurality of modular components.

[0056] In an exemplary system, the modular MIP is disclosed including:an external barrel having a cavity; or (or throughout means and/or,i.e., a logical or operation) an inner core barrel assemblyfield-insertable into the cavity having a heater cavity, where theheater cavity is adapted to receive a field-insertable removablecartridge heating element.

[0057] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where themodular MIP apparatus can include a removable conductivity noseassembly.

[0058] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where theMIP apparatus includes a field-insertable removable cartridge heatingelement.

[0059] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where themodular MIP apparatus can include a waterproof electrical connectorand/or an o-ring seal.

[0060] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where themembrane interface probe apparatus can include: a membrane interfaceprobe (MIP) sensor including a removable trap directly into the probefor the collection and concentration of volatile organic compounds.

[0061] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where theremovable trap enables detection of lower levels of concentration of thevolatile organic compound, and specific identification of compoundsthrough post run chromatographic analysis.

[0062] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where theMIP further can include: providing for calibration of the MIP sensorusing chromatographic methods.

[0063] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where theMIP can further include means for simultaneous trapping andconcentrating of volatile organic compounds during MIP sampling andlogging events.

[0064] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where amembrane interface probe apparatus can include: a membrane interfaceprobe (MIP) sensor including a heated transfer line from a body of theMIP sensor to a surface detector suite minimizing loss of volatileorganic compounds in a cold transfer line.

[0065] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where amembrane interface probe apparatus can include: a membrane interfaceprobe (MIP) sensor including an enhanced scanning solutions module, anda sample introduction system adapted to reduce overall equipmentfootprint and cost; to introduce calibration gases; and to allow forsimultaneous sampling of volatile organic gas stream for immediatechromatographic analysis.

[0066] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where amembrane interface probe apparatus can include: a membrane interfaceprobe (MIP) sensor including a global positioning system (GPS) receiverintegrated with a data acquisition system adapted to allow simultaneousgeo-referencing of sampling points with sample data.

[0067] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where amembrane interface probe system can include: a membrane interface probe(MIP) sensor including a mobile device in wireless communication with adata acquisition system enabling near real-time transfer of data fromthe MIP sensor to a base station.

[0068] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where themobile device can include a graphical display and control module adaptedto operate the data acquisition system operation.

[0069] In an exemplary system, the enhanced MIP is disclosed where themobile device is portable.

[0070] In an exemplary system, an enhanced scanning solutions module isdisclosed including a flow control subsystem; a detector subsystemcoupled to the flow control subsystem; a dryer/moisture separatorsubsystem coupled to the flow control subsystem; a sampling subsystemcoupled to the flow control subsystem; a software control subsystemcoupled to the flow control subsystem, the detector subsystem, thedryer/moisture separator subsystem, or the sampling subsystem.

[0071] In an exemplary system, an enhanced scanning solutions module isdisclosed where the sampling subsystem can include: a sample loop; anabsorbent trap; and a gas chromatography injection port.

[0072] In an exemplary system, an enhanced scanning solutions module isdisclosed where the module further include an exhaust; a pneumaticsupply; a power supply; a bypass module; a feedback signal; or apressure control subsystem.

[0073] In another exemplary system, an enhanced scanning solutionsmodule is disclosed where the enhanced scanning solutions module caninclude: a detector subsystem; a sampling subsystem; a software controlsubsystem coupled to the detector subsystem, and the sampling subsystem.

[0074] In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions modulefurther includes a dryer/moisture separator subsystem coupled to thesoftware control subsystem.

[0075] In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions modulecan include the sampling subsystem including: a sample loop; anabsorbent trap; a gas chromatography injection port.

[0076] In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions modulefurther includes: an exhaust; a pneumatic supply; a power supply; abypass module; a feedback signal; or pressure control subsystem.

[0077] In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions modulecan include on-the-fly reconfigurability, and can further include: aplurality of operator-selectable modes.

[0078] In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions modulecan further include: a plurality of pre-programmable operating modesthat interactively reconfigures to perform any of a plurality offunctions, subject to particular conditions.

[0079] In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions modulecan further include: an interface between the detector subsystem and agas handling subsystem allowing insertion of: a sample, anotherdetector, a flowpath, a flow path rate, a dryer, an exhaust, a feedback,or a trap.

[0080] In an exemplary system, the enhanced scanning solutions module,the software control subsystem can include: a data logger; a sequencer;a valve control system; a monitor; a display; or a recording function.

[0081] Further features and advantages of the present invention, as wellas the structure and operation of various embodiments of the presentinvention, are described in detail below with reference to theaccompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0082] Various exemplary features and advantages of the invention willbe apparent from the following, more particular description of exemplaryembodiments of the present invention, as illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings wherein like reference numbers generally indicate identical,functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. The leftmost digits in the corresponding reference number indicate the drawingin which an element first appears.

[0083]FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a block diagramillustrating an environmental data acquisition and delivery processaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0084]FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a block diagramillustrating a business process according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention;

[0085]FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary window orscreen shot, generated by a graphical user interface (GUI) of thepresent invention, showing a remediation foot print of a site;

[0086]FIG. 4A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a high level schematicdiagram illustrating a membrane interface probe (MIP) significantlyredesigned according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention;

[0087]FIG. 4B depicts an exemplary embodiment of a detailed levelschematic diagram illustrating a membrane interface probe (MIP)significantly redesigned according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, having a cross-sectional view of an exemplary modularMIP including two cross-sections and a sector cross-section;

[0088]FIG. 4C depicts an exemplary embodiment of a detailed levelschematic diagram illustrating a membrane interface probe (MIP)significantly redesigned, and illustrating an inner core barrel assemblyhaving O-Ring grooves, according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention;

[0089]FIG. 4D depicts an exemplary embodiment of a detailed levelschematic diagram illustrating an exemplary external barrel assembly ofan enhanced membrane interface probe (MIP) significantly redesignedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0090]FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a block diagram of anexemplary computer system useful for implementing the present invention;

[0091]FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a workflow processaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0092]FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an overall smart datasystem process according to the present invention;

[0093]FIG. 8A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a MIP system includinga MIP probe, a controller, a detector and a data acquisition moduleaccording to the present invention;

[0094]FIG. 8B depicts an exemplary embodiment of an improved MIP systemincluding an enhanced MIP probe, a controller, an enhanced scanningsolutions module detector system, data acquisition module, and anenhanced smart data system according to the present invention;

[0095]FIG. 9A depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofa conventional detection system according to the present invention;

[0096]FIG. 9B depicts a high level diagram illustrating an exemplaryembodiment of an enhanced scanning solutions module according to thepresent invention;

[0097]FIG. 9C depicts a more detailed version of an exemplary embodimentof exemplary enhanced scanning solutions functionality according to thepresent invention;

[0098]FIG. 10A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a system hardwarearchitecture providing an exemplary enhanced smart data analysisclient-server system according to the present invention;

[0099]FIG. 10B depicts an exemplary embodiment of an application serviceprovider (ASP) embodiment of an exemplary embodiment of the enhancedsmart data analysis system including exemplary subsystem modulesaccording to the present invention;

[0100]FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an exemplaryself-contained portable sensor system according to the presentinvention;

[0101]FIG. 12A depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofthe Smart database system according to the present invention;

[0102]FIG. 12B depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofoutput from the Smart database system according to the presentinvention;

[0103]FIG. 12C depicts a graphical user interface of a browserillustrating an exemplary embodiment of a web logon window of a DemoCorporation providing access to the Smart database system according tothe present invention;

[0104]FIG. 12D depicts a graphical user interface of a browserillustrating an exemplary embodiment of a web window depicting exemplarydeliverables for a Manufacturing Facility of a Demo Corporationproviding access to graphical renderings on the Smart database systemaccording to the present invention; and

[0105]FIG. 12E depicts a graphical user interface of a browserillustrating an exemplary embodiment of a browser window depictingexemplary selectable deliverables according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF AN EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0106] A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is discussed indetail below. While specific exemplary embodiments are discussed, itshould be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. Aperson skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other componentsand configurations can be used without parting from the spirit and scopeof the invention. The present invention meets the above-identified needsby providing a system, method and computer program product for sourcearea contamination data acquisition, analysis and processing.

[0107] The method and computer program product of the present inventionallow clients to reap the benefits of recent advances in sensortechnology, rapid computational analysis and wireless data delivery tomore quickly and reliably: create a diagnostic image of the hydrogeologyand contamination under a site, assess the transaction and health risksof a property, avoid downstream costs, and complete a transaction orclose files on a site in a shorter amount of time than conventionallypossible. The smart data process is capable of collecting far more dataper day than conventional approaches, provides data in near real-timethat can be used to make timely decisions, and provides the data ineasy-to-use formats.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, the smart data system is utilized toexpedite the reliable characterization of the subsurface. Siteassessments can be more effectively accomplished because the smart dataproduced by the present invention are of higher resolution so fewerinterpretive mistakes will be made, are available immediately, and canbe processed and mapped on a daily basis. Thus, results can be used todirect the next day's activities. The smart data system according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention can also dramaticallyreduce the costs of remediation because the system provides a morefocused picture of the chemical occurrences relative to sitehydrogeology.

[0109] In an exemplary embodiment, the smart data system includes adatabase for storing aggregate data collected from multiple sites. In anexemplary embodiment, the smart data system takes raw data, accumulatesdata from the MIP system, from gas chromatographic analysis, fromgeographic position, from other sensors, and other data sets. The smartdata system can process raw data to refine the data, can normalize forvariations in acquisition, and can perform quality assurance analysis onthe data.

[0110] The processing to normalize for variations can, e.g., compensatefor drift in performance or condition of the membrane, and forvariations actual subsurface conditions such as, e.g., chemicalconcentration, and the soil water matrix. Processing can includeanalysis of the relative quality and efficacy of the data. Theprocessing system can analyze and account for variations in pressure,flow rate, condition of detectors (can account for drift and cancalibrate, e.g., using a tracer gas), depth of the probe (hydrostatic),and in the baseline noise due to the analytical/electrical system.

[0111] The data can be mined and processed including, e.g., use of 3Dvisualization technology, and can be delivered in near real-time to thefield for access by field personnel via, e.g., an application serviceprovider (ASP), a web-based interface, and wireless device access. Videocan be used to illustrate changes over time.

[0112] Data can be aggregated from multiple sites, and can be used as apredictive measure of risk and performance.

[0113] I. Overview

[0114] The present invention provides a system, method and computerprogram product for source area contamination data acquisition, analysisand processing.

[0115] Organizations including property owners, lending institutions,insurance underwriters, and consulting engineers—see lower costs,shorter project cycle times, and an acceleration of regulatory andfinancial underwriting approvals.

[0116] As mentioned above, traditional environmental investigation andcleanup economics have been driven by the high cost and delays of dataacquisition. This leads to poorly designed and expensive engineeringapproaches and ineffective cleanup. The smart data tool of the presentinvention provides ten to a hundred times more data at a fraction of thetime and costs. More critically, smart data analysis, presentation andreporting services turn this data into high-impact, decision orientedinformation with a net benefit of 30-50% lower cost for the propertyowners and a better quality outcome, more quickly.

[0117] The present invention provides multiple levels of value creation:

[0118] Property Owners—lower cost of investigation and cleanup, fastercycle time, & lower insurance costs;

[0119] Consulting Engineers—10 to 100 times more data which results inmore effective cleanup at lower cost;

[0120] Insurance Underwriters—more detailed information which results inless uncertainty and risk;

[0121] Service Partners—significant increase in sales at higher margin;and

[0122] Strategic Sponsors—access to a large number of highly qualifiedservice providers of cutting-edge technology.

[0123] In addition, the present invention's approach substantiallylowers the uncertainty associated with environmental characteristics ofa property. This, in turn, accelerates property transactions and lowersthe premiums for environmental insurance. Research into this marketdriver indicates that 40 to 60% of environmental insurance premiums andescrow requirements stem from uncertainty in the environmentalassessment. The smart data provides a comprehensive quantification andeasily understood 3-D representation of the environmental conditions(see FIG. 3), which substantially increases the clarity and visibilityof potential problems, improves decisions, and lowers risk.

[0124] The present invention is now described in more detail herein interms of the above examples. This is for convenience only and is notintended to limit the application of the present invention. In fact,after reading the following description, it will be apparent to oneskilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the following inventionin alternative embodiments. For example, the present invention can beused for the in-site performance monitoring of remediation of volatileorganic compounds by combining in-situ sensors, geo-referencedpositioning, wireless transfer of data to a base station, transfer ofdata via the Internet, computational software, and display on aninteractive web site.

[0125] The present invention can also be used to acquire large amountsof geo-referenced data on the chemical and physical parameters of inlandwater bodies. This data can in turn be used to monitor biologicalecosystems, environmental contamination, and compliance with dischargerequirements for ships and vessels.

[0126] II. System Operation

[0127] A. Process

[0128] The method and computer program product of the present inventionemploys a unique end-to-end process of environmental data acquisitionand delivery as illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 depicts in an exemplaryembodiment, an exemplary process in which one or more of the followingsteps can be performed:

[0129] 1. Acquisition of data parameters using direct reading sensorsin-situ.

[0130] 2. Geo-referencing each data parameter to a specific point on theearth's surface so as to generate a geographically referenced sensorarray as shown in step 102.

[0131] 3. Transmission of the data parameters via, e.g., one or morecommunications network link such as, e.g., wireless communication linkas shown in step 104, and transmission over a network such as, e.g., theInternet as shown in step 106 to a database at, e.g., an ApplicationService Provider (ASP), for analysis and display, making use ofcommunications links and storage for later access and query in adatabase via a database interface as shown in step 108.

[0132] Performance of data analytics and processing includingcalculations, visualization in graphic formats, mapping, and display intwo-dimensional and three-dimensional formats, making use ofanalytical/computational software as shown in step 110, and creatinginteractive 2D, 3D, and n-D (such as, e.g., time-lapsed video) visualoutputs as shown in step 112. Additional calculations can also include,e.g., total mass of chemical compounds, volume of affected soil andgroundwater, compound identification, removal costs, and/or sensitivityanalysis using a “dashboard” type display. In an exemplary embodiment,the smart data system can include a database for storing raw data,analyzed data, and aggregate data collected from multiple sites. Thereader is referred to, e.g., FIGS. 1, 8B, 10B, and 12A, for a moredetailed discussion regarding the smart data system according to thepresent invention. In an exemplary embodiment, the smart data system cantake raw data, such as, e.g., accumulating data from the MIP system,from gas chromatographic analysis, from geographic position, from othersensors, and from other data sets. The smart data system can process rawdata to refine the data, can normalize for variations in acquisition,and can perform quality assurance analysis on the data. The processingto normalize for variations can, e.g., compensate for drift inperformance or condition of the membrane, and for variations actualsubsurface conditions such as, e.g., chemical concentration, and thesoil water matrix. Processing can include analysis of the relativequality and efficacy of the data. The processing system can analyze andaccount for variations in pressure, flow rate, condition of detectors(can account for drift and can calibrate, e.g., using a tracer gas),depth of the probe (hydrostatic), and in the baseline noise due to theanalytical/electrical system. The data can be mined and processedincluding, e.g., use of 3D visualization technology from step 112, andcan be delivered in steps 114, 116, 118 in near real-time to the fieldfor access by field personnel via, e.g., an application service provider(ASP), a web-based browser interface, and a wired or wirelesscommunication device access. Video can be used to illustrate changesover time.

[0133] 4. The aggregation of data into a comparative database, makinguse of the database interface as shown in step 108, and providing theuser with relative analysis of various sites based on geological andcontaminant conditions, including interactive display as shown in step114. Data can be aggregated from multiple sites, and can be used as apredictive measure of risk and performance.

[0134] 5. Posting of the completed data analytics for interactive accessvia, e.g., a secure Internet Web site, and for viewing by approvedindividuals, can be provided as also shown in step 114.

[0135] 6. Transmissions of the completed data analytics via, e.g., theInternet, back to the source location for decision-making and processchanges, can be provided as shown in step 116.

[0136] 7. The use of wireless communication devices to facilitateconnection of the sensor outputs to the Internet can be provided in anexemplary embodiment as shown in steps 104, 118. Of course a wiredcommunications link can be used to the extent that such a link isavailable.

[0137] B. Business Process

[0138] In an exemplary embodiment, an entity may utilize a businessprocess to implement and offer for sale services utilizing the smartdata system, method and computer program product of the presentinvention. An exemplary embodiment of this business process isillustrated in FIG. 2 including performing one or more of the followingsteps:

[0139] 1. Equipping and training licensed operators (“users”) 202 toperform sensor data acquisition at remote locations using the smart datasystem. These operators, in an exemplary embodiment, can pay a one-timesetup to obtain a license and training; an ongoing subscription fee foraccess to the present invention's analytical software and datawarehousing services; and/or individual project fees, which can varyaccording to the amount of analytics, display, and customer deliverablesrequired. The licensed operators 202 can provide data acquisition andtransmission services for a fee, or for a share in revenues.

[0140] 2. Transmission of the data through a software link to a Web siteoperated by the entity can be provided as shown using a proprietarysoftware link 208, in an exemplary embodiment.

[0141] 3. Data analysis by the entity using computational softwareaccording to the methodology of the present invention can be performedas shown by licensor 204. In an exemplary embodiment, the data can beanalyzed using analytical software. In another exemplary embodiment, anapplication service provider (ASP) model may be employed as shown, andas discussed further below, with reference to FIG. 10B. The services ofthe ASP can be used in exchange for a fee paid to the ASP, in anexemplary embodiment. The fee can be a one time fee, a periodic fee, abundled fee, and/or a subscription fee.

[0142] 4. The aggregation of data into a comparative database such as,e.g., the Columbia Technologies' Environmental Comparables Knowledgebase(ECK) available from Columbia Technologies, LLC of Halethorpe, Md.,U.S.A., providing the user with relative analysis of various sites basedon geological and contaminant conditions can be performed by licensor204. 5. Posting and delivery of interactive two-dimensional andthree-dimensional visualizations (such as, e.g., those shown in FIG. 3in 3D visualization 300 having one dimension in the x-directionrepresented by x-axis 308, another dimension in the y-directionrepresented by y-axis 314, another dimension in the z-directionrepresented by z-axis 306) and key engineering design data to aninteractive Web site 206 can be operated by the entity and can beperformed by licensor 204. The visualizations and data can be accessedvia a browser as shown in 210 using, e.g., an Internet browser, and/or ahyper text markup language (HTML) link, for example. The visualizationscan include, e.g., as shown in FIG. 3, geo-referenced locations on a 3Dspatial map indicating from where the MIP probe samples were obtained.Color-coding may be employed as indicated in color band indicator 310.Geographic information system renderings, trans-sections, 360 degreefly-around movies, volumetric calculations, 3D surface area contourmapping, 3D videos of a contaminant plume vs. a ground water(GW) well,graphical comparisons of a GW samples to continuous sensor profile maybe employed as methods of displaying the data.

[0143] 6. Delivery of software, visual displays, engineering data, andpaper deliverables for each project to licensed clients 206 and/or otherclients with licensed access.

[0144] C. Enhanced Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

[0145] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a MembraneInterface Probe (MIP) available from GEOPROBE SYSTEMS, INC. of Salina,Kans., USA and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,956, (the '956 patent)the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety, can be used as part of the smart data system to transportvolatile organic compounds from the geological subsurface to the surfacefor measurement using chemical detectors. An exemplary embodiment of animproved MIP 402 is described below with reference to FIGS. 4A-4D. TheMIP described in the '956 patent can include a dipole electricalconductivity sensor 410 for the measurement of conductivity in-situ asan indicator of soil grain size. The probe may be driven or hammeredinto the geological subsurface using hydraulic or pneumatic reactionweight or hammers.

[0146]FIG. 4A depicts, in an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, a MIP 400 enhanced to include a number of useful features. Ofcourse, in alternative exemplary embodiments of the present invention,MIP 400 can be modified to include any combination of a number of usefulfeatures outlined below. For example, in an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention, the MIP 400 can be significantly redesigned andenhanced to incorporate one or more of the following advantageousfeatures as depicted in FIG. 4A.

[0147] 1. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includean outer barrel assembly 402, which can include a larger diameter probe(2.125-inches) as illustrated in diagram 400 of FIG. 4 thanconventionally available for direct coupling to larger diameter rods403. The large diameter rods 403 can significantly increase the yieldstrength of the drive rod string allowing for the rods' use withstronger push/hammer systems and in situations where there is lowsidewall support of the drive rod string.

[0148] 2. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP probe 400 can beredesigned in a modularized in removable, multi-subsystem,field-replaceable fashion as shown in 4A-4D. As shown, MIP 400 caninclude the external barrel assembly 402 depicted in detail in FIG. 4D,including a cavity into which can be tightly coupled an inner corebarrel assembly 404, which is depicted in greater detail in FIG. 4C. Theinner core barrel assembly 404 can be fashioned to receive a fieldreplaceable cartridge heater element 406. The heater 406 is used to heatthe zone around membranes 408, described further below. MIP 400 is alsoenhanced to include various external watertight connections 412.Watertight connections 412 include various components taken fromunderwater cabling applications. The watertight connections 412 includebulkhead electrical connector 410, inline electrical connector 414 andsplice 416. Bulkhead electrical connector 410 can be a SEA CONLSG-6-BC-HP, and inline electrical connector 414 can be a SEA CONRMG-6-FS inline connector, both available from SEA CON Brantner &Associates Inc., of San Diego, Calif., USA. Also shown are externalvapor connections, including gas vapor subassembly 422 and inlet andoutlet gas ferrell connections 424. The MIP 400 is enhanced to include aremovable conductivity probe nose assembly 418 having dipoles 426 andthread 428 as well as cap screws 430 holding the nose assembly 418 inplace when coupled to the outer barrel assembly 402. Diagram 460 of FIG.4D includes a detailed level schematic diagram illustrating an exemplaryexternal barrel assembly lengthwise cross-section (top), sidecross-section A-A (middle left) of an exemplary three permeable membraneembodiment, a sector cross-section of an o-ring port at an exemplarypermeable membrane (detail A), and a exterior view of an exemplarypermeable membrane (bottom middle) and detail B, of enhanced MIP 400.

[0149] 3. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includean increased number (two or more) of permeable membranes 408 as comparedto conventional MIP probes such as the single permeable membrane 408shown in the '956 patent. As illustrated in the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 4A, two or more permeable membranes 408, such as, e.g., three (408a, 408 b, 408 c as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B) to provide for greatercircumferential sensing and the potential for double, triple, or moretimes as much volatile organic mass to be collected by the probe 402 ineach given time period. In the exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 4B,permeable membranes 408 a, 408 b, and 408 c can provide improvedcircumferential coverage than conventional versions of MIP probes 400.Diagram 440 of FIG. 4B illustrates and exemplary embodiment includingexemplary manufacturing tolerances and a cross-section of the enhancedMIP probe 400. Diagram 440, in an exemplary embodiment includes twocross-sections illustrating exemplary vapor connecting ports (on theleft middle) and an exemplary tri-permeable membrane embodiment (labeledsite detail A, on the right middle) of the present invention, and asector cross-section illustrating an exemplary O-ring port (labeledDetail A) and single permeable membrane. This increase in mass flow cansignificantly improve detection capability of the probe 400 overpredecessor probes. For example, with 3 gas permeable membranes insteadof 1, can yield triple the mass transfer into the probe. O-ring port 420can accommodate an O-ring such as, e.g., MS16142 O-Ring available fromPARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION, O-Ring Division, of Lexington, Ky., U.S.A.The inner core barrel assembly 404 as shown in FIG. 4C is made toreceive the heater element 406, allowing for expansion. FIG. 4C depictsdiagram 450, in an exemplary embodiment, including a side view (atbottom), and two cross-sections A-A (middle), and B-B (top),respectively, illustrating the inner core barrel assembly 404 havingO-Ring grooves for gas passages, where the O-rings serve to seal the gaspassages.

[0150] 4. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includean incorporated watertight integrity through a major redesign of theprobe body and mechanical couplings 424 and electrical couplings 410,411, 416 because water intrusion has been identified as a majorcontributor to premature probe failure.

[0151] 5. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can include asimpler design to allow for field repairs and replacement of individualcomponents (e.g., the heater system 416). Currently, failure of anycomponent of conventional probes require complete replacement of theprobe increasing the cost of operation and delay. As noted above, thevarious modules and subsystems of enhanced probe 400 allow fieldreplacement of failing components.

[0152] 6. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeintegrating small removable traps directly into the probe for thecollection and concentration of volatile organic compounds. Theremovable trap feature can allow for lower (better) detection levels ofcompounds as well as the specific identification of compounds throughpost run chromatographic analysis.

[0153] 7. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeincorporating a heated transfer line from the probe body to the surfacedetector suite to minimize the current loss of volatile organiccompounds in the cold transfer line. As shown, the probe can have acustom heater element 406 with a through conductor and ground conductor.A heater cartridge insert 406 can be provided.

[0154] 8. In another exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 caninclude a detector suite, and sample introduction system specificallyconfigured for the MIP application. This feature can reduce the overallequipment footprint and cost; allow for the introduction ofcalibration/tracer gases; and allow for the simultaneous sampling of thevolatile organic gas stream for immediate chromatographic analysis. SeeFIGS. 9A and 9B below and the discussion with reference to these figuresof the enhanced scanning solutions module.

[0155] 9. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includean integrated global positioning system (GPS) receiver along with thedata acquisition system to allow for simultaneous positioning ofsampling points with the sample data for the volatile organic compounds.A smart integrated GPS probe can allow easier closely integratedgeo-referencing of captured sample data.

[0156] 10. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 caninclude integrating a wireless data transfer communication device withthe data acquisition system to allow for near real time transfer of datato a base station for subsequent analysis and display. In an exemplaryembodiment, the wireless data transfer communication device can includetransceiver hardware for wireless transmission. A communicationsprotocol software application suite stack can accompany the transceiverhardware feature to provide various functions. In an exemplaryembodiment, the wireless communications device can be compliant with anIEEE standard 802.11 wireless local area network. In another exemplaryembodiment, other wireless hardware and software protocols can be usedsuch as, e.g., ultrawideband (UWB), cellular, global system for mobiletelephone (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (FDMA), cellular digital packet data(CDPD), or other wireless protocols and technologies.

[0157] 11. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeproviding for a mobile computing/communications device that can be in anexemplary embodiment, handheld, and can include a graphical display andcontrol module for system operation and data acquisition. The mobilecomputing/communications device feature enhances the operator's mobilityduring field sampling events. In one exemplary embodiment, the mobiledevice can be a portable device such as, e.g., the self-containedportable sensor system illustrated in FIG. 11.

[0158] 12. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeproviding for the simultaneous trapping and concentration of volatileorganic compounds during MIP sampling and logging events. Thesimultaneous trapping and concentration of volatile compounds can allowfor near real-time specific identification of the volatile organiccompounds detected.

[0159] 13. In an exemplary embodiment, the enhanced MIP 400 can includeproviding for calibration of the probe system using chromatographicmethods such as internal standards.

[0160] D. Project Management

[0161] Capabilities:

[0162] Web Interface

[0163] User-based access levels

[0164] Maintain multiple projects

[0165] Maintain Project History

[0166] Create new projects

[0167] Upload files

[0168] Communicate with field computer in real-time

[0169] The solution to the challenges mentioned above is an intelligentproject maintenance, data acquisition and analysis process. The processof the present invention can be done by combining a variety oftechnologies and procedures in a novel manner. A complete solution spansfrom project maintenance to final result presentation. No such solutionconventionally exists prior to the present invention.

[0170] Project maintenance is available through a Web interface. Thisinterface allows the project manager to create new jobs and to uploadproject information for distribution to field computers usingtechnologies such as, e.g., wireless communications links. The webinterface can also serve as a centralized project plan (“projectcentral”) for the project managers. At the web interface, the projectmanagers can follow the progress of a job on an up-to-the-minute basis,allowing the project managers to make critical changes and adjustmentsto the project plan in a real-time environment. Changes made to theproject plan can be immediately propagated into the field viacommunications links to mobile devices such as wireless field computers.Project managers can maintain an infinite number of projectssimultaneously through the web interface.

[0171] A main feature of the web interface can include a status“dashboard” which can display to the project manager exactly how theproject is proceeding at a glance. The system can also include emailnotifications triggered by project changes where the email notificationscan be put into effect, alerting the project manager of changes. Fieldpersonnel can also communicate problems and request replacement partsthrough the web interface, making the web interface the completesolution for remote project maintenance.

[0172] E. Sensor And Its Connection To The Field Computer

[0173] Capabilities:

[0174] Web Interface

[0175] To fill the need for more complete information at the point ofsampling, project information can be accessible in the field on a mobiledevice, such as, e.g., a wireless handheld computer. Information such assite maps can be available to the operator of the mobile device at thetouch of a button. This information can also be remotely updated by theproject manager using the web interface. The field operator can alsomake ad hoc changes to the project on-the-fly as needed. These changeswill be transmitted back to the project management site where an alertcan be issued to the project manager. The ability to make fielddecisions without loosing project plan cohesiveness is a vital componentof a complete solution.

[0176] During the data collections process, the operator can be guidedby the field computer that serves as an expert system, conveying “bestpractices” to any operator regardless of experience. The operator canhave full access to all site information including the locations of theproposed sampling points. The advanced sensor equipment can interface tothe field computer during the collections process, providing visualfeedback and data storage/retrieval.

[0177] F. Link To Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) Receiver

[0178] Capabilities:

[0179] Sub-meter accuracy

[0180] Altitude

[0181] Communications through standard personal computer (PC)communications ports (COM (RS-232 serial), LPT (parallel), USB(universalserial bus))

[0182] Streaming location data

[0183] During the data collections phase, the field computer can also belinked to a global positioning system (GPS) antenna. The GPS can allowthe field operator to accurately locate any predefined locations thatare part of the pre-loaded site plan. Of course alternative locationpositioning systems can be used using conventional approaches such as,e.g., triangulation, and satellite transmitter location systems. The GPScan also provide the ability to adjust locations due to unexpectedobstacles without loosing location accuracy in the final output. The GPScapability can also negate the need for the site to be surveyed by a 3rdparty, as is conventionally the norm absent the present invention, thusproviding time and cost reductions to the overall process. The GPS datacan be transmitted along with all collected data as a complete package.The packaged information can then be incorporated in the “dashboard” onthe web interface to show progress.

[0184] By providing altitude information along with geographictwo-dimensional (2D) coordinates, typography can be added to thethree-dimensional (3D) images, resulting in a more “realistic” pictureof the site and its below-ground behavior. An exemplary 3D visualizationrendering is provided from an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention in FIG. 3 of the present invention.

[0185] G. Data Transmission Process

[0186] Capabilities:

[0187] Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) POST

[0188] HTTP GET

[0189] Transmission control protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

[0190] Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)

[0191] File transfer protocol (FTP)

[0192] Data can be transmitted via a communications network 1004 asshown in FIG. 10A. The data can be transmitted over a wirelesscommunications link where available. If wireless access is notavailable, the system can equally connect to the main system via anyconventional method including, e.g., a dialup connection, or otherdirect network connection with accompanying protocol communicationssoftware applications suite. Due to the various wireless communicationstechnologies available, a one-size-fits-all approach is not desirable.The solution in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention,includes a comprehensive open software international (OSI) layer 4,transport layer TCP built on a standards-based protocol suite to utilizethe inherent capabilities of whatever wireless device and network isbeing used. The OSI layer 2, link layer, such as Ethernet, or othermedia access control (MAC) protocols can therefore be largely ignoredand thus can make the approach of the present invention largely immuneto changing technologies. The transport protocol layer is based onstandard Internet protocols, the transmission control program (TCP).Since push capabilities do not exist on all data networks, polling bythe field computer can be employed as a means to acquire updatedinformation from the main system.

[0193] H. Database

[0194] Capabilities:

[0195] Relational Database

[0196] Support for standard structured query language (SQL) query tools

[0197] Support for open database connectivity (ODBC) compliant databases

[0198] Scalability

[0199] Once new data has been transmitted to the main system, the datacan be stored in the database under its parent project. All data can beorganized in a parent/child relationship. (Customer->Project->Data)

[0200] I. Analysis

[0201] Capabilities:

[0202] Modular

[0203] Remove Baseline Drifts

[0204] Normalize data between samples

[0205] Output to Database

[0206] Multi-pass analysis for “smoothing” of results

[0207] Pattern recognition

[0208] Cross Analysis with external data

[0209] Site, Geology, and Chemistry Comparisons

[0210] Risk Evaluation and Assessment

[0211] Analysis of the data can occur when sufficient amounts of datahave been collected. This process can be governed by a user-definedsetting in the project and can be stored in the database. The fieldoperator can also request seatrain types of analysis to be madeon-the-fly, to guide the decision making process. Depending on the typeof data collected, a number of data “normalization” processes can beexecuted. The normalization processes can be designed to correct datafor such anomalies such as, e.g., “drifting baseline,” “change intemperature,” “peak to baseline height,” “conductivity,” and“atmospheric pressure.” The normalization processes can produce moreaccurate results and can be a vital step in the process. Not normalizingresults can lead to a varying degree of confidence and thus can createan environment where the findings could be misleading.

[0212] The normalization process can use historical data for referenceand can thus become more accurate with a larger number of samples.

[0213] 3D analyses can include volumetric probability calculations like“kriging” and surface area contour mapping. All analyzed data can bestored in the database under the parent project and can be added to the“dashboard” for comparative analysis by the project manager. Onceanalysis of the data has been completed the project manager can have anew set of tools available through the web interface. Using these toolssuch questions as “How much overburden must be removed to reach thesource area?” can be answered.

[0214] The analysis process takes into account all relevant informationprovided in the project. To gain further refinement of the results, theproject manager can upload such information as ground water tables andgeological data. The project manager can “force” new analysis at anytime to include newly uploaded information.

[0215] J. 3-Dimensional Visualization, Display

[0216] Capabilities:

[0217] Display volumetric data in form of “plumes”

[0218] Transparency of objects

[0219] Overlay computer aided design (CAD) drawings and other geographicinformation system (GIS) file formats

[0220] Calculate volume and mass

[0221] Drill-down information popup

[0222] Convex hull grid

[0223] North directional arrow

[0224] Overview window (birds-eye view)

[0225] Custom selectable colors

[0226] Coloring based on confidence

[0227] Object-based editing

[0228] Image output in, e.g., BMP, JPG, TIF extension image formats

[0229] The project manager can select a number of “pre-defined” 3Dvisualizations, graphics, outputs through the web interface. Thesestandard “views” can be produced automatically by the 3D modelingsoftware once the analysis process is complete. The views can then bemade available to the project manager through the web interface. Anotheroption available to the project manager can be to have an expert producecustom “views” from the data collected. The expert can use a speciallydesigned graphical user interface (GUI) to produce 3D objects from thedata produced by the analysis process. The GUI can provide an easy andfast environment in which the expert can drag and drop visual elementsonto the “presentation screen” to accomplish tasks. Each object can havea number of behaviors or properties. After being added to thepresentation screen the expert can manipulate the output through thesecapabilities.

[0230] The interface can allow the expert to create “screen shots” ofthe presentation screen at any time. These screen shots can be saved asboth images (e.g., bitmaps) and “presentation objects” which can bemanipulated in 3D. These 3D objects can be rotated and zoomed using aviewer, but can only be altered by the expert. This can provide a verypowerful way to distribute 3D images as it allows the end user to finetune the view and to insure visibility of vital information.

[0231] The 3D modeling system can also produce high quality movies inall major formats (e.g., MPEG, AVI, MOV, etc.). Output can be providedelectronically over the web, or on a compact disk-read only memory(CD-ROM) or digital versatile disk (DVD) depending on user preference.

[0232] K. Interactive Presentation

[0233] Capabilities:

[0234] Server/client communication over TCP/IP

[0235] Real-time remote manipulation

[0236] Save data on both server and client

[0237] Permission based Client manipulation

[0238] Read Database through ODBC

[0239] ActiveX

[0240] Support 56 kps connection speed

[0241] Object inventory based on available data

[0242] Multiple clients connecting to one server

[0243] Multiple client screen resolutions shown on server

[0244] Client Connection dashboard on sever

[0245] A vital part of the 3D modeling process is the interaction by theend user. Through a live interface between the end user's “clientsoftware” and the expert's “server software,” the end user can play anactive role in the creation of the final product. The link between thetwo systems can run over a TCP/IP connection. The end user can see thesame screen output as viewed by the expert and can have the ability tomanipulate the objects on the screen to insure a collaborative result.The expert can be responsible for the introduction of new screenelements such as grid line and contamination plumes. Each resulting“screen shot” can be saved in the customer's inbox and can beimmediately available on the end user's system as well. This data cannow be available for view and re-distribution at any time by the enduser. Information about the produced screen shots can be saved in thedatabase and can become the basis for billing. L. Mobile Device—HandheldMobile Computer

[0246] The mobile device, also referred to as a field computer, serves anumber of purposes. First and foremost it is the link between thecollected data and the main system, but it is also a tool to be used bythe field operator. It includes guides and “best practices” approachesto field operations. Through the 3D feedback mechanism, the operatorwill have visibility of the results from the analysis and 3D modelingright in the field. The analysis data will be returned timely enough tobe used in the selection of the next sample location, thus giving theoperator the advantage of only addressing locations that are deemedvital to the results.

[0247] Analyses returned to the field computer include “next location”suggestions along with calibration information produced by thenormalization process. The ability to make field decisions in real-timeis a great time and cost saver. Examples of the field computer caninclude any mobile device such as, e.g., a desktop, notebook, laptop,subnotebook, tablet or handheld personal computers (PCs), or personaldigital assistants (PDAs). The field computer 500 a in an exemplaryembodiment, can be in wireless communication with a base stationcomputer 500 b(collectively computers 500). In an exemplary embodiment,the mobile device 500 a can communicate with the base station computerdevice 500 b using any of a number of well known wireless communicationssoftware protocols, transceiver hardware, networks and communicationslink technologies such as, e.g., an Infrared Data Association(IrDA)-compliant wireless technology, or a short range radio frequency(RF) technology such as, e.g., a Bluetooth-compliant wirelesstechnology, an IEEE standard 802.11-compliant wireless local areanetwork (LAN) such as, e.g., an IEEE standard 802.11a, b, or g, wirelessLAN, a Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP)-compliant wirelesstechnology, a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)-compliant wireless technology,or an ultra wide band (UWB) wireless technology network. Although mobiledevice 500 a and base station computer device 500 b have been describedas coupled to one another, the devices 500 a,b need not be directlyconnected to one another, and can instead by coupled by any of variousconventional physical network technologies such as, e.g., routers,bridges, gateways, transceivers, antennae and cables.

[0248] III. Example Implementations

[0249] The present invention (or any part(s) or function(s) thereof) maybe implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof and maybe implemented in one or more computer systems or other processingsystems. In fact, in one exemplary embodiment, the invention is directedtoward one or more computer systems capable of carrying out thefunctionality described herein. An example of a computer system 500 isshown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a blockdiagram of an exemplary computer system useful for implementing thepresent invention. Specifically, FIG. 5 illustrates an example computer500 in a preferred embodiment is a personal computer (PC) system runningan operating system such as, e.g., Windows 98/2000/XP, Linux, Solaris,OS/2, Mac/OS, or UNIX. However, the invention is not limited to theseplatforms. Instead, the invention can be implemented on any appropriatecomputer system running any appropriate operating system, such asSolaris, Irix, Linux, HPUX, OSF, Windows 98, Windows NT, OS/2, Mac/OS,and any others that can support Internet access. In one exemplaryembodiment, the present invention is implemented on a computer systemoperating as discussed herein. An exemplary computer system, computer500 is shown in FIG. 5. The mobile device 500 a can be a communicationsdevice or computing device such as, e.g., a tablet personal computer(PC), a handheld PC, a handheld running WIDOWS MOBILE for POCKET PCoperating system, a subnotebook PC a notebook PC, a laptop PC, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), or other device such as a desktop PCor workstation. Although mobile device 500 in an exemplary embodiment isdescribed as mobile, the device need not be mobile, and can actually bestationary. The base device 500 b can be another mobile device, adesktop computer, or some other source of data that can be synchronizedwith the data on the mobile device 500 a.

[0250] Other components of the invention, such as, e.g., a computingdevice, a communications device, a telephone, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a pocket personal computer (PC), a handheld personalcomputer (PC), client workstations, thin clients, thick clients, proxyservers, network communication servers, remote access devices, clientcomputers, server computers, routers, web servers, data, media, audio,video, telephony or streaming technology servers could also beimplemented using a computer such as that shown in FIG. 5.

[0251] The computer system 500 includes one or more processors, such asprocessor 504. The processor 504 is connected to a communicationinfrastructure 506 (e.g., a communications bus, cross-over bar, ornetwork) Various software embodiments are described in terms of thisexemplary computer system. After reading this description, it willbecome apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art(s) how toimplement the invention using other computer systems and/orarchitectures.

[0252] Computer system 500 can include a display interface 502 thatforwards graphics, text, and other data from the communicationinfrastructure 506 (or from a frame buffer not shown) for display on thedisplay unit 530.

[0253] The computer system 500 also includes a main memory 508,preferably random access memory (RAM), and a secondary memory 510. Thesecondary memory 510 can include, for example, a hard disk drive 512and/or a removable storage drive 514, representing a floppy diskettedrive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, a compact diskdrive CD-ROM, etc. The removable storage drive 514 reads from and/orwrites to a removable storage unit 518 in a well known manner. Removablestorage unit 518, also called a program storage device or a computerprogram product, represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk,compact disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storagedrive 514. As will be appreciated, the removable storage unit 518includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computersoftware and/or data.

[0254] In alternative exemplary embodiments, secondary memory 510 mayinclude other similar devices for allowing computer programs or otherinstructions to be loaded into computer system 500. Such devices mayinclude, for example, a removable storage unit 522 and an interface 520.Examples of such may include a program cartridge and cartridge interface(such as, e.g., those found in video game devices), a removable memorychip (such as, e.g., an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM),or programmable read only memory (PROM) and associated socket, and otherremovable storage units 522 and interfaces 520, which allow software anddata to be transferred from the removable storage unit 522 to computersystem 500.

[0255] Computer 500 can also include an input device such as (but notlimited to) a mouse or other pointing device such as a digitizer, and akeyboard or other data entry device (none of which are labeled).

[0256] Computer 500 can also include output devices, such as, forexample, display 530, and display interface 502. Computer 500 caninclude input/output (I/O) devices such as, e.g., communicationsinterface 524, cable 528 and communications path 526. These can include,e.g., a network interface card, and modems (neither are labeled).Communications interface 524 allows software and data to be transferredbetween computer system 500 and external devices. Examples ofcommunications interface 524 may include a modem, a network interface(such as, e.g., an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PersonalComputer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) orPCCard-compliant slot and card, etc. Software and data transferred viacommunications interface 524 are in the form of signals 528 which may beelectronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of beingreceived by communications interface 524. These signals 528 are providedto communications interface 524 via a communications path (e.g.,channel) 526. This channel 526 carries signals 528 and may beimplemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a telephone line, acellular link, an radio frequency (RF) link and other communicationschannels.

[0257] In this document, the terms “computer program medium” and“computer usable medium” are used to generally refer to media such as,e.g., removable storage drive 514, a hard disk installed in hard diskdrive 512, and signals 528. These computer program products providesoftware to computer system 500. The invention is directed to suchcomputer program products.

[0258] Computer programs (also called computer control logic), includingobject oriented computer programs, are stored in main memory 508 and/orthe secondary memory 510 and/or removable storage units 514, also calledcomputer program products. Such computer programs, when executed, enablethe computer system 500 to perform the features of the present inventionas discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, whenexecuted, enable the processor 504 to perform the features of thepresent invention. Accordingly, such computer programs representcontrollers of the computer system 500.

[0259] In another exemplary embodiment, the invention is directed to acomputer program product comprising a computer readable medium havingcontrol logic (computer software) stored therein. The control logic,when executed by the processor 504, causes the processor 504 to performthe functions of the invention as described herein. In another exemplaryembodiment where the invention is implemented using software, thesoftware may be stored in a computer program product and loaded intocomputer system 500 using removable storage drive 514, hard drive 512 orcommunications interface 524. The control logic (software), whenexecuted by the processor 504, causes the processor 504 to perform thefunctions of the invention as described herein.

[0260] In yet another embodiment, the invention is implemented primarilyin hardware using, for example, hardware components such as applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more state machines.Implementation of the hardware state machine so as to perform thefunctions described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in therelevant art(s).

[0261] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the invention is implementedusing a combination of both hardware and software.

[0262]FIG. 6 depicts an exemplary embodiment of diagram 600 illustratingan exemplary workflow process according to an exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention. The workflow process of diagram 600 includesworkflow between a field operator 602, a SmartData WorkflowAdministrator 604, a 3D Lab 606, a Website 608, and a customer user 610.The workflow process of diagram 600 begins with a field operator 602from which MIP data is uploaded to website 608 as shown in step 612.From Website 608, data is retrieved by SmartData Workflow Administrator604 as shown in step 614. From SmartData Workflow Administrator 604, agraphical MIP log is generated and uploaded to client login section ofthe website 608 as shown in step 616. Meanwhile MIP data is appended tothe database for statistical analysis in step 618 and as shown in step620, a start of analysis is requested of the 3D Lab 606. 3D Lab 606performs statistical analysis in step 622. Various kinds of statisticalanalyses can be performed as will be apparent to those skilled in therelevant art(s). Processing can include, e.g., calculating means,standard deviations, Kriging, correlation analysis, interpolations,extrapolations, etc. Then 3D lab 606 can generate 3D models as shown instep 624. Then 3D Lab 606 can web-cast with the client customer user 610to fine tune 3D models as shown in step 626. Then a final deliverablecan be created as shown in step 628 by 3D Lab 606. Then the 3D Lab 606can upload the deliverable to the client login section of the website608 as shown in step 630. Then the 3D Lab 606 can provide a notificationof completion to SmartData Workflow Administrator 604 as shown in step632. Then the SmartData Workflow Administrator 604 can providenotification to customer user 610 of completion and availability of dataon the client login section of the website as shown in step 634.Finally, SmartData Workflow Administrator 604 can provide delivery of ahardcopy (if applicable) to customer user 610 as shown in step 636.

[0263]FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a diagram 700illustrating an overall smart data solutions architecture system processaccording to the present invention. Smartdata solutions workspace 702includes database applications 712, math applications 714, 3Dapplications 716, and comparables database 718. The Smartdata solutionsworkspace 702 also includes a web interface 710 for communication ofinformation to service partner workspace 704, via wireless interface710. The service partner workspace 704 includes smartdata software 720,strategic sponsor equipment 722, and commercial equipment 724. TheCustomer workspace 706 can also interact with Smartdata solutionsworkspace 702 as represented by the bidirectional arrows indicated indiagram 700. Customer workspace 706 includes risk evaluation 726,follow-on project design 728, and regulatory review 730.

[0264]FIG. 8A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a diagram 800 of anexemplary, conventional MIP data acquisition system according to thepresent invention. The exemplary MIP system of diagram 800 includes aMIP probe 810 (e.g., the MIP disclosed in the '956 patent), a MIPcontroller 802, a detector system 804 and a data acquisition module 806coupled to both the MIP controller 802 and detector system 804,. The MIPprobe 810 is coupled to MIP controller 802 and detector system 804, by atrunk line and connections 808. The data acquisition module 806 takesits inputs and outputs data typically in the form of a data stream.

[0265]FIG. 8B depicts an exemplary embodiment of a diagram 810 of animproved MIP environmental data acquisition and analysis systemaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Theimproved MIP system of diagram 810 includes an enhanced MIP probe 400coupled to MIP controller 802 and detector system 814, by a trunk lineand connections 808. The detector system 814 is enhanced to include anenhanced scanning solutions module detector system 816 described furtherbelow with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B. The detector system 814 and MIPcontroller 802 are again coupled to data acquisition module 806. Theoutput of the data acquisition module 806 is coupled to an enhancedsmart data analysis system 702 as shown in diagram 810. The enhancedsmart data analysis system 702 can receive other input sensors 818,which may, or may not be from sensors integrated into the MIP probe 812.Examples of other sensors 818 include, e.g., laser induced fluorescence(LIF), ultraviolet induced fluorescence(UVF), polymer, and haloprobe.The enhanced smart data analysis system 702 can also receive other inputdata sets such as, e.g., energetics (explosives) data, computer aideddesign (CAD) drawing data, ground water (GW) data (see FIG. 12B) andgeographic information systems (GIS) data.

[0266]FIG. 9A depicts an exemplary embodiment of a diagram 900,illustrating functionality of a conventional detection system. Thedetection system of diagram 900 begins with a trunk line 808 coupling aMIP (not shown) to a dryer 914. The dryer 914 is conventionally coupledto the detector 804. The detector is in turn coupled to an exhaust 916.Unfortunately, the conventional system is limited, inflexible andsequential in its processing as compared to the present invention asdepicted in and described further below with reference to FIGS. 9B and9C.

[0267]FIG. 9B depicts an exemplary embodiment of a high level diagram901 illustrating an enhanced scanning solutions module 816 according tothe present invention. The enhanced scanning solutions module 816provides such features as, e.g., automating the detector processincluding software control, electronics, flow control, and pneumaticsystems. The enhanced scanning solutions module 816, in an exemplaryembodiment, can provide for operator selection, sample analysis leadingto chemical speciation, lower detector levels, and performance withcompounds not conventionally achievable. The enhanced scanning solutionsmodule 816, in an exemplary embodiment, can receive as input the trunkline 808 with carrier gas from the MIP 400 as shown in FIG. 8B. Theenhanced scanning solutions module 816, in an exemplary embodiment, caninclude several subsystems including one or more of, e.g., a dryerinput/output subsystem 902; a loop input/output subsystem 904; a trapinput/output subsystem 906; a flow rate control subsystem 908; apressure control subsystem 910; and a detector selection subsystem 912.

[0268]FIG. 9C depicts an exemplary embodiment of a detailed leveldiagram 913 illustrating an enhanced scanning solutions module 816according to the present invention. The enhanced scanning solutionsmodule 816 can receive from the MIP 400, a carrier gas on trunk line808, at the flow rate control system 908. The flow rate control system908 can include such functionality as one or more of, e.g., signalprocessing, electrcical/pneumatic valve control, switching valves,manual mode switch, and software controls. The flow rate control system908 can allow custom workflow by selecting in or out particulardetection subsystems. Exemplary subsystems can include, e.g., detectorsubsystem 912, a bypass module 911, dryer/moisture separator subsystem902, sampling subsystem 918, pressure control subsystem 910 and pressuresources 909, pneumatic supply subsystem 908, exhaust 916, softwarecontrol subsystem 905, and power supply 915.

[0269] The sampling subsystem 918 in an exemplary embodiment can includeany of, e.g., sample loop(s) 920, absorbent traps 922, and gaschromatographic injection ports 921. In an exemplary embodiment, thesampling subsystem can be software controlled.

[0270] To calibrate the system, in an exemplary embodiment, an optionalcalibration material such as, e.g., a tracer gas can be run through thesystem and results can be measured and analyzed, and used forcalibration, and for normalization procedures.

[0271] The detector subsystem 912, in an exemplary embodiment, caninclude any of various detectors, such as, e.g., gas chromatography,infrared (IR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, andchemical detectors. The detector subsystem can be coupled to exhaust916, pressure control subsystem 910, software control system 905, aswell as the flow control system 908. From the output of detector 812, aninput is provided to exhaust 916. From sampling module 918, an output isprovided as input to sample loop 920 and concentration trap 922.

[0272] The bypass module 911 can, e.g., bypass detection.

[0273] The dryer/moisture separator subsystem 902 can be used to bringin or out the dryer and by being software controllable, can beincorporated into processing on an ad hoc basis, as selected by theuser.

[0274] The pressure control subsystem 910 and pressure sources 909 canprovide back pressure to the system. Pressure can be added to any of theprocesses including, e.g., the detector subsystem 912, a bypass module911, dryer/moisture separator subsystem 902, and sampling subsystem 918.

[0275] The pneumatic supply subsystem 908 can include, e.g., purified Heor Ni, and can be used in valve control. The pneumatic supply subsystem908 can be software controlled. The software control system 905 canmonitor pressure, and can control outlet options.

[0276] The software control subsystem 905 can provide various functionsincluding any of, e.g., timing, sequencing, valve control, monitoring,displaying data, logging data and recording data.

[0277] The power supply 915 can provide power to electrical components.In an exemplary embodiment, a 12 V DC battery supply can be used.

[0278] Using the enhanced scanning solutions module 816, a user canspecify a user-directed detection process. For example, output of aconcentration trap can be sent to detectors, or a detector on a secondsystem such as, e.g., a chemical analysis detector. As another example,using the present invention, use of a dryer can be optional. Thus, asthese examples illustrate, a user can on a ad hoc basis direct acustomized detection process, that allows for interactive changes to thedetection process.

[0279]FIG. 10A depicts an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary diagram100 illustrating a hardware system architecture according to the presentinvention. Diagram 100 includes a user 206 a at a mobile device 1002 ain communication over network 1004 to the enhanced smart data analysissystem application servers 1010 a, 1010 b to access data on database1008, via web servers 1006 a, 1006 b providing an exemplary enhancedsmart data analysis client-server system. If licensed, then user 206 acan gain access via software link 208 and browser link 210. Other usersarchiver 206 b, viewer 206 c and collector 202.

[0280]FIG. 10B depicts an exemplary embodiment of an enhanced smart dataanalysis system 702 according to the present invention. The enhanceddata analysis system 702 includes an application service provider (ASP)1010 by which a variety of users 206 a can share the use of applicationservers 1010 a, 1010 b of the ASP for a fee. An exemplary embodiment ofthe enhanced data analysis system 702 can include various subsystemmodules including, e.g., a database management system 1008 andstorage/retrieval/search query subsystem 1012; processing subsystem1014, algorithms modulel016, formatting module 1018, 3D/2D visualization1020; and communications protocols 1022, web delivery 1024, webcast1026, field wireless delivery 1028, and wireless receiver 1030.

[0281]FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary embodiment of an exemplaryself-contained portable sensor system 1100 according to the presentinvention. As illustrated, exemplary self-contained portable sensorsystem 1100 can include wheels 1104, power supply 1102, a communicationsinterface 1108, transceiver 1106, MIP Controller 802; Detector System812, and enhanced scanning solutions module 816. The exemplaryself-contained portable sensor system 1100 can be modular, includeredundancy and fault tolerance features such as a battery backup orgenerator to support the power supply 1102, is portable for ease of usein the field, and is self-contained to allow easy setup and breakdown,since minimal assembly/reassembly is required.

[0282]FIG. 12A depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofthe Smart database system according to the present invention. As shownin the diagram, raw data can be analyzed and processed to create outputsuch as, e.g., the depicted illustrative graphical renderings. Thedatabase can post for browser and/or wireless mobile deviceaccessibility various reports and deliverables.

[0283]FIG. 12B depicts a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofoutput from the Smart database system according to the presentinvention. The upper left diagram illustrates an exemplary 3D video ofan environmental contamination site against a ground water well dataset, illustrating a combination of outside data with processed dataanalytics visualization renderings. The lower right diagram illustratesan comparison of ground water samples to continuous sensor profile data,illustrating another combination of outside data with processed dataanalytics visualization renderings.

[0284]FIG. 12C depicts a graphical user interface of a browserillustrating an exemplary embodiment of a web logon window of a DemoCorporation providing access to the Smart database system according tothe present invention.

[0285]FIG. 12D depicts a graphical user interface of a browserillustrating an exemplary embodiment of a web window depicting exemplarydeliverables for a Manufacturing Facility of a Demo Corporationproviding access to graphical renderings on the Smart database systemaccording to the present invention.

[0286]FIG. 12E depicts a graphical user interface of a browserillustrating an exemplary embodiment of a browser window depictingexemplary selectable deliverables according to the present invention.

[0287] The exemplary embodiment of the present invention makes referenceto wireless networks. A brief discussion of various exemplary wirelessnetwork technologies that could be used to implement the exemplaryembodiments of the present invention now are discussed. Exemplarywireless network technology types, include, e.g., IrDA wirelesstechnology, metropolitan area and wide area wireless networkingtechnologies such as, e.g., MMDS, satellite, as well as various wirelessshort-range radio frequency (RF) technologies such as, e.g., Bluetooth,SWAP, “wireless fidelity” (Wi-Fi), IEEE std. 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, and802.11g, and ultrawideband (UWB). Of course any of various otherwireless technologies can also be used, and it should be understood thatthe examples listed are not exhaustive.

[0288] IrDA is a standard method for devices to communicate usinginfrared light pulses as promulgated by the Infrared Data Associationfrom which the standard gets its name. IrDA is generally the way thattelevision remote controls operate. Since all remote controls use thisstandard, a remote from one manufacturer can control a device fromanother manufacturer. Since IrDA devices use infrared light, they dependon being in direct line of sight with each other. Although presentIrDA-based networks are capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4megabits per second (Mbps), the requirement for line of sight means thatan access point would be necessary in each office where a user wouldwant to synchronize, limiting the usefulness of an IrDA network in someenvironments. Bluetooth is an example of a shortrange wireless radiofrequency (RF) emerging wireless technology promising to unify severalwireless technologies for use in low power radio frequency (RF)networks. Bluetooth is not expected to replace the need for high-speeddata networks between computers. Bluetooth communicates on a frequencyof 2.45 gigahertz, which has been set aside by international agreementfor the use of industrial, scientific and medical devices (ISM).

[0289] Examples of other short-range wireless RF technology include SWAPand Wi-Fi. The SWAP and Wi-Fi specifications are based on the originalInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) wireless localarea network (LAN) specification, known as IEEE standard 802.11. Homeradio frequency (RF) (HomeRF) developed the Shared Wireless AccessProtocol (SWAP) wireless standard. Wireless Ethernet CompatibilityAlliance (WECA) advocates the so-called “wireless fidelity” (Wi-Fi)which is a derivative of the IEEE std. 802.11b. The original IEEE std.802.11 designated two ways of communicating between wireless LAN devicesand allowed for speeds up to 2 Mbps. Both IEEE std. 802.11 communicationmethods, direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency-hoppingspread spectrum (FHSS), use frequency-shift keying (FSK) technology.Also, both DSSS and FHSS are based on spread-spectrum radio waves in the2.4-gigahertz (GHz) frequency range. Home RF's SWAP combines DECT, atime division multiple access (TDMA) voice service used to support thedelivery of isochronous data and a carrier sense multipleaccess/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) service (derived from IEEE std.802.11). WECA's Wi-Fi standard provides IEEE std. 802.11b standardwireless LAN compliant wireless communication technologies.

[0290] UWB is yet another short-range RF wireless communication systemmaking use of small pulses of energy in the time domain that in thefrequency domain are spread across a very wide bandwidth and aretransmitted at a very low power level that is on the order of magnitudeof noise. The pulses can be encoded to carry information by, e.g.,differing the timing of arrival of pulses in the time domain.

[0291] IV. Conclusion

[0292] While various embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed above, it should be understood that they have been presentedby way of example and not limitation. It will be apparent to personsskilled in the relevant art(s) that various changes in form and detailcan be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention. In fact, after reading the description herein, it will beapparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement theinvention in alternative embodiments.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of equipping and training licensedoperators to perform sensor data acquisition at remote locations using asmart data system comprising at least one of the steps of: a) charging alicensed operator a one-time setup fee to obtain a license to providesensor data acquisition services and to obtain training; b) charging thelicensed operator an ongoing subscription fee for access to and use of asmart data analysis system for transmission of data and data warehousingservices; and c) charging the licensed operator an individual projectfee, wherein said individual project fee varies according to the amountof analytics, display, and customer deliverables required.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said transmission of said data of saidstep (b) comprises: transmitting said data via a software link to a Website.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said smart dataanalysis of said step (b) comprises: using computational softwarecomprising at least one of: 2D visualization and 3D visualization ofgeo-referenced direct reading sensor data.
 4. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said smart data analysis of said step (b) comprises:aggregating said data into a comparative database providing the userwith relative analysis of various sites based on geological andcontaminant conditions.
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein saiddata warehousing services of said step (b) comprises: posting anddelivering at least one of: an interactive two-dimensionalvisualization; an interactive three-dimensional visualization; andengineering design data; to a Web site.
 6. The method according to claim1, wherein said step (c) comprises: delivery of software and paperdeliverables for each of said projects to at least one of: the licensedoperator; and other clients with licensed access.
 7. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said data comprises environmental data,and wherein said sensor data acquisition services comprise: a) acquiringenvironmental subsurface data via direct reading sensors; b)geo-referencing said data; c) transmitting said data to a data analysisapplication server; and d) analyzing said data to obtain informationabout said data.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said data of step (a)comprises: one or more data parameters.
 9. The method of claim 7,wherein said environmental subsurface data relates to chemical andgeological attributes of the subsurface.
 10. The method of claim 7,wherein said direct reading sensors of step (a) comprise at least oneof: direct sensing technologies; optical sensors; chemical sensors;electromechanical sensors; membrane interface probe (MIP) sensors;advanced MIP sensors; laser induced fluorescence (LIF) sensors;ultraviolet induced fluorescence (UVF) sensors; polymer sensors; andhaloprobe sensors.
 11. The method of claim 7, wherein saidgeo-referencing of said step (b) comprises at least one of:geo-referencing in at least two dimensions; and geo-referencing saiddata to a specific point on the earth's surface.
 12. The method of claim11, wherein said at least two dimensions comprise at least one of:latitude, longitude, altitude, and time.
 13. The method of claim 7,wherein said geo-referencing of said step (b) comprises: geo-referencingin at least three dimensions.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein saidat least three dimensions comprise at least one of: latitude, longitude,altitude, and time.
 15. The method of claim 7, wherein said transmittingof step (c) comprises at least one of: transmitting via the Internet;and transmitting via a wireless communications link.
 16. The method ofclaim 7, wherein said application server of step (c) comprises: anapplication service provider (ASP).
 17. The method of claim 7, whereinsaid step (d) comprises at least one of: storing said data in adatabase; mining said data; calculating said information from said datausing an algorithm; performing visualization processing in at least twodimensions; displaying a graphical visualization of said data; mappingsaid data; and displaying in at least one of: two-dimensional andthree-dimensional formats said data.
 18. The method of claim 7, whereinsaid step (d) comprises at least one of: refining raw data intoprocessed data; normalizing said data for variations in acquisition ofsaid data; normalizing for condition of a membrane of a membraneinterface probe (MIP); normalizing for variation of actual subsurfaceconditions including at least one of chemical concentration and soilwater matrix; determining relative quality efficacy data includingdetermining at least one of: pressure, flow rate, condition ofdetectors, drift, calibration, depth of probe, hydrostatic, and baselinenoise of analytical/electrical system; storing said data; aggregatingsaid data into aggregate data; determining predictive modeling usingsaid aggregate data; assessing measure of risk using said aggregatedata; evaluating risk using said aggregate data; calculating total massof chemical compounds; calculating volume of affected soil andgroundwater; calculating compound identification, calculating removalcosts, performing sensitivity analysis, and comparing data of multiplesites.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of performing asensitivity analysis comprises at least one of: displaying using a“dashboard” type display; and providing results to at least one of anoffice device, and a field device.
 20. The method of claim 7, furthercomprising: e) posting said information on a web site for access byauthorized users.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein said web sitecomprises: a secure Internet Web site.
 22. The method of claim 7,further comprising: e) transmitting said information over a network to amobile device.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said networkcomprises: a wireless network.
 24. The method of claim 7, furthercomprising at least one of: e) aggregating said data into a database; f)mining said database; g) determining predictive modeling using saidaggregate data; h) assessing measure of risk using said aggregate data;i) evaluating risk using said aggregate data; j) providing the user withrelative analysis of various sites based on at least one of: geologicalinformation, and contaminant conditions; and k) storing said data in adatabase; l) grooming data; m) comparing data to at least one of:historical data, and data from other sites; n) performing datamining;and o) ranking sites.
 25. The method of claim 7, further comprising: e)transmitting said information comprising: i. transmitting saidinformation including completed data analytics via the Internet back tosource location for decision-making and process changes; and ii.transmitting said information wirelessly to a mobile device tofacilitate access via Internet protocols to said information analyzedfrom said sensor outputs.
 26. The method of claim 7, further comprisingat least one of: e) normalizing said data for variations in at least oneof: acquisition of said data, condition of membrane of a membraneinterface probe (MIP), subsurface conditions including at least one ofchemical concentration and soil water matrix; and f) determiningrelative quality efficacy data including determining at least one of:pressure, flow rate, condition of detectors, drift, calibration, depthof probe, hydrostatic, and baseline noise of analytical/electricalsystem.